Owaba ngumkhokheli wakuqala weZimbabwe ekhululekileyo eqale eyinhloko kahulumende wazoba nguMongameli, uMnu. Robert Gabriel Mugabe usekhotheme.
Sithi Makalale ngokuthula................
UMugabe wathetshulwa yingwe mhlaka February 21, ngomnyaka ka1924, eKutama Mission esiqintini sako Zvimba esingeNyakatho yase Zimbabwe.
Wayengomunye wabantwana abahlanu bakamuyi Mnu. Gabriel Mugabe Matibiri loNkosikazi Bona. Abadala kuye kwakungu Michael, uRaphael, uBridget, lesicinathunjwana uSabina, beyizelamani.
Esakhula uMugabe, uyise owaye ngumbazi wadabula ilizwe waze wafika koBulawayo, eMatabeleland, edinga umsebenzi.
Ngalezo nsuku, umango ongako wawuthatha amaviki ambalwa, ikakhulu emuntwinikazana ozisebenzela ngezandla.
Ko Bulawayo, uyise wacina esiba lesithembo, ngokuthatha elinye ikhosikazi, uNkosikazi Colleta. Ababili laba bazala abantwana abathathu: uAlbert, uDavid loRegina. Ngale koZvimba uNkosikazi Bona owaye ngumbalisi, wasala esondla eyedwa uMugabe labafowakhe.
Esengumfanyana uMugabe wayencedisa ekhaya ngokwelusa inkomo zangakibo njalo esenza imisebenzi yezandla. Ngalenzo nsuku inengi labensundu be Southern Rhodesia babefunda bephetha ezikolo zebanga laphansi kuphela.
UMugabe wafunda esikolo semishini ese Jesuit Mission ekhokhelwa ngumfundisi wenkonzo yeRhoma, uFather O’Hea onguyena owamfundisa ukuthi abantu bahlonitshwe ngokufanayo, wamkhuthaza ukuze afunde ayefika kude ngemfundo.
Ababalisi bakhe bambona ukuthi ulengqondo bamupha ibizo lokuthi “Mahlakanipheni”.
U Mugabe waqala izifundo zakhe zaphezulu zekholitshini e Fort Hare esabelweni se Kapa kwele South Africa lapho aphutsha khona wathola idegree ele Bachelor of Arts egxile ezifundweni zembali ezeHistory lolimi lwesingisi, i-English, ngomnyaka ka 1951.
Waphenduka ekhaya wafundisa ngapha eqhubeka ngezifundo ezenziwa umuntu engekhaya eze-Correspondence. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wayesethole i Degree lesibili ele Bachelor of Education, ngapha efundisa e Hope Fountain Mission emaphandleni esigabeni seMandebeleni.
Kungaleso sikhathi ke, lapho uyise acina etshona khona etshiya uMugabe eselomthwalo wokondla imhuli yonke, udadewabo uDr. Regina Gata, wamthuthisa labafowabo bayafunda behlala eKutama Mission.
Ngomyaka ka 1955, u Mugabe waya eNorth Rhodesia, esiyiZambia okwamanje, wayafundisa e Chilimbana Training College okweminyaka emine ngapha eqhubeka ngezifundo zedegree wathola iBachelor of Science kweze notho.
Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uMugabe waya e Ghana. Wafundisa e St Mary’s Teacher Training College lapho ahlangana lomkakhe wakuqala, uNkosikazi Sally Heyfron. Waphutsha i degree lezenotho ngo 1958 batshada ngo 1961. Yena lomkakhe babelandela iziqondiso zombuso weMarxism, ngakhoke basekela uhulumende weGhana ngokusiza abantu ababebandlululwa.
Ukwethekela kwakhe ekhaya ngo 1960 kwaqondana lodlakela emalokitshini abantu belwela amalungelo alinganayo phakathi kwabensundu labamhlophe.
UMugabe wavuma ukukhulumisana labantu abanengi ababebuthene emalokitshini, betshengisela ngokubotshwa kwabakhokheli babo endaweni ezehlukeneyo, okulapho wabalandisela ngayekubone kwele Ghana kulandelwa umbuso owe Marxism
Ngemva kweviki ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, uMugabe wakhetwa ukuba ngunobhala jikelele ebona ngezokwethulwa kwemibiko ebandleni le Democratic Party.
Ekupheleni kwomnyaka ka 1961 uhulumende wase Rhodesia wavimba ukusebenza kwebandla le Democratic Party okulapho laguqula igama selizibiza ngokuthi yiZimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) ikhokhelwa ngelinye lamaqhawe empini yokukhulula iZimbabwe owayesebenza ukulwela amalungelo ezisebenzi zonsundu umuyi uDr Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo.
UMugabe labanye ababekuZAPU bacina bekhonona ngobukhokheli bukaNkomo okwabangela ukuthi ngo 1963 yena labanye baqala elabo ibandla ele Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) eyayikhokhelwa ngu Mfundisi Ndabaningi Sithole.
Mnyaka munye u Mugabe labanye bakhe babotshwa bavalelwa ejele okweminyaka elitshumi eGonakudzingwa. Wathatha lelothuba lokuqhubeka ngezifundo wenza elinye njalo idegree lezomthetho.
Ngalowo mnyaka, owayeyinhloko kahulumende ye Rhodesia, ngaleso sikhathi, u Ian Douglas Smith, wavuma ukuthi uMugabe akhululwe ukuze aye emhlanganweni waseLusaka, eZambia. Kodwa uMugabe wahle wathatha lelothuba lokubaleka eseqa umngcele esiya e Mozambique, ukuyabumba ibutho lokulwela inkululeko yelizwe phansi kwebandla lakhe leZANU, ele Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army-ZANLA.
I ZAPU ka Joshua Nkomo layo yasungula elayo iviyo lebutho ele ZIPRA. Kwaba lemizamo yokuhlanganisa amacele womabili ukuze kubunjwe iviyo le Zimbabwe People’s Army njalo ngemva kwesikhathi ibandla lePatriotic Front. Kuphansi komanyano we Patriotic Front, lapho amacele womabili ayahlala phansi lo Ian Smith bekhuluma ngenkululeko yelizwe, umlamulankunzi kunguhulumende we Bhilithane e Lancaster House, eLondon.
Ebhukwini lakhe elilesihloko esithi, “The story of my life”, uNkomo wabhala ukuthi uMugabe wamangalisa wonke umuntu ngemva kwesivumelano se Lancaster House, lapho wabika ukuba yena labanye bakhe beZANU sebesiyancintisa ukhetho lwakuqala lweZimbabwe ekhululekileyo bezimele njengebandla hatshi phansi komanyano wePatriotic Front.
Okulapho okwahle kwasungula ukufuthelana phakathi kwamabandla womabili. Ngo Lwezi ngomnyaka ka 1980 emzini weNtumbane, ko Bulawayo, kwaqhamuka ukulwisana okubi phakathi kwamasotsha ayekuviyo le ZANLA lele ZIPRA. Impi yeNtumbane ibikwa yenza kwaba lokulahlekelwa kwamasotsha amanengi amacele womabili, eyaphosa yaqhamuka njalo ngemva kwenyanga ezine.
Ukufuthelana lokhu kwaqhubeka okokuthi ngo Zibandlela, ngomnyaka ka 1983, uhulumende weZanu wasungula uhlelo olwabonwa ngabanengi ukuba njengelwenzondano lobandlululo olwaluqondiswe ebantwini besiNdebeleni ezabelweni zeMatebeleland lezeMidlands.
Lesi sihluku sabizwa ngokuthi yi“Gukurahundi” lapho okwabulawa ngocuku olukhulu inkulungwane ezedlula amatshumi amabili zabantu makhaza ababengahlomanga, ababegoqela omama ababezithwele labantwana, esikhathini esilokhe sibabazwa ngabanengi, ukuthi yisikhathi esaba mnyama embalini yeZimbabwe isithole uzibuse.
Okwaze kwabamba ngamandla ngo 1987 umuyi uNkomo ukuthi avume ukukhumisana umlotha loMugabe esebona ukuchitheka kwegazi elinengi emhlubulweni waseMandebeleni, kwalotshwa isivumelwano sokumanyana ese Unity Accord.
Ngemva kweviki yokulotshwa kwalesi sivumelwano, uhulumende kaMugabe waguqula isisekelo sombuso welizwe. Kwaguqula isikhundla sakhe esuka ukuba yinhloko kahulumende esiba ngumongameli olamandla amanengi uExecutive President. Wakhetha uNkomo ukuba ngomunye wabasekeli bakhe baba babili lomuyi uMnu. Simon Vengai Muzenda. Lumanyano awuzange uncede kangako ngoba kwaqhubeka ukufuthelana lokungathembani phakathi kwabo labalandeli babo.
UMugabe wavela wakubeka sobala ukuthi yena akafuni ibandla eliphikisayo edale lephalamende kulandelwe umbuso webandla elilodwa owe One Party State kulandelwe izibopho ze ZANU PF kuphela umanyano owawumele ukhokhelwe nguye uMugabe kungela kuphikiswa.
Mhlaka Zibandlela 7 ngomnyaka ka 1992, uNkosikazi Sally Hayfron Mugabe watshona ebulawa yisifo sezinso.
Emaphethelweni yeminyaka (kubo1990) uMugabe wabhekana lokuqonga kwamazwi okuphikisa umbuso wakhe okwakungazake kwenzakale kubangelwa yikugugudeka lokonokala kwesimo somnotho elizweni.
Umuyi uMnu. Edgar Zivanai “Two-boy” Tekere omunye wabasungula ibandla leZANU la sikhathi sinye lo Mugabe, ngo 1964 wamelana laye wancintisa kukhetho lokudinga umongameli ephansi kwebandla ayeselisungule ele Zimbabwe Unity Movement-ZUM ngomnyaka ka1990. Laloba wanqotshwa kukhetho lolu isilinganiso sabantu abamvothelayo waphosa wamuwisa uMugabe.
UNkosikazi Margaret “Tichaona Muhondo” Dongo, ngomunye wababekuviyo lebutho ele ZANLA, owaqunga isibindi waphuma kuZanu PF wasungula elakhe ibandla ele Zimbabwe Union of Democrats-ZUD.
Lokhu yikho okwakhokhelela ekuthini abanye labo babumbe amabandla okumelana leZanu PF elikhulu lankona kungele Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) elabunjwa ngomnyaka ka1999 likhokhelwa ngumuyi uMnu. Morgan Richard Tsvangirai eselikhokhelwa nguMnu Nelson Chamisa okwamanje, elilokhe lilosekelo olukhulu elizweni kuze kube manje. Laloba abanengi bekholwa ukuthi wanqoba kukhetho lukamongameli lolwedale lephalamende lokhe waqalayo ukumelana loMugabe ngo2000 laye wae watshona elokhe esehluleka ukumkhipha esihlalweni.
Ngomnyaka ka2000, sokuzayiwa kukhetho kwaba lokuxokozela kwabalwa impi yenkululeko sebefuna umhlabathi ukuba wabiwe ngokulingeneyo owawusezandleni zabamhlophe, baqala ukuhluthuna amapulazi abelungu ngodlame kwalinyazwa lokubulawa abamhlophe kulolo dlakela. UMugabe ngokwesabela ukuthi angabalela ababekwenza abalwa impi yenkululeko laba wayezanqotshwa kukhetho wazithulela benza umathanda emaphulazi abamhlophe okwasolwa ngumhlaba wonke jikelele kodwa watshayelwa ihlombe yilabo abambona njengeqhawe lokumelana labamhlophe.
Insolo ebantwini ngombuso kaMugabe yaqhubeka kwathi ngokhetho luka 2008 kwabonakala ukuthi umuyi u Tsvangirai owayekhokhela ibandla eliphikisayo eleMDC wayenqobile kodwa wavinjwa ukuba ngumongameli ngoba engatholanga amavoti eneleyo phansi kwesisekelo sombuso emthethweni othi kwakumele athole isilinganiso esedlula amashumi amahlanu ekhulwini-50% + 1.
Lapho uMugabe esenqotshwe nguTsvangirai kwedlula inyanga ezinthathu abe Zimbabwe Election Commission lokhe bezilazila bengethuli impumela yokhetho. UMugabe kafunanga ukwamukela ukuthi unqotshiwe wathi amavoti kabalwe kakutsha.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abasekeli be MDC bahlaselwa balinyazwa abanye bathunjwa babulawa. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi uTsvangirai akhalale ukhetho ngoba esebone ukuthi ukuhlaselwa lokwethuselwa kwabantu kwakuzakwenza abantu besabe ukumvothela uMugabe anqobe.
Umnyaka lowo ususiyaphela kulapho ababili laba bacina bekhumisana umlotha bavumelana ukubumba uhulumende wokwabelana amandla owe Government of National Unity-GNU kodwa uMugabe akathandanga ukuyekethisa njengemvama wakhetha ukuthatha izikhundla zonke ezilesisindo ezinjengezomvikela, ukuze ibutho liqhubeke liphansi kwakhe.
Ngomyaka ka 2011, uMugabe wabika ngokhetho luka mongameli olwalumele lwenziwe ngomnyaka olandelayo ka 2012, kodwa lwadluliselwa phambili kolandelayo ka 2013 uhulumende weGNU esevumelene ukuthi kuqale kulotshwe isisekelo sombuso welizwe esitsha esasimele siqondise lolo khetho ngoba esidala sasezwile ngokufakwa izigamba.
Lwaqhutshwake ukhetho uMugabe leZanu PF babikwa benqobile laloba abamabandla aphikisayo lalamhla lokhu besithi waqila.
Umculi owayejabulelwa ngabanengi eZimbabwe wethula ingoma, eyadumayo ethiwa “Bvuma Wasakara” etsho ukuthi vuma ukuba usuluphele eyapha abantu idlabuzane behaya uMugabe ukuthi kavume ukuba useluphele ehle esihlalweni. Lokhu kwakungoba kwasokuphuma imifanekiso lamavidiyo kutshengisa uMugabe emihlanganweni, lembuthanweni yenkokheli yamazwe womhlaba elala, lokuwa kwakhe eyagcwala enkundleni zebulenjini zokuzilibazisa ezinengi.
Wahamba kanenginengi elubhekise kwele Middle East esiyakwelatshwa inhlungu ezehlukeneyo engasathembi izibhedlela zelizwe lakhe kwabangela ukuthi impilakahle yakhe ihlale okwesikhathi eside kuludaba egudwini.
Ekufikiseni kwakhe iminyaka engamatshumi ayisitshiyagalo lunye, waba ngubabazala lapho indodakazi yakhe u Bona etshada ngo 2014 abahle bamzalela umzukulu wakhe wakuqala ngemva kweminyaka emibili waba ngukhulu.
Emulini yakwabo u Robert Gabriel Mugabe wayelabafowabo abathi uMichael, uRaphael, uSabina, uBridget, uAlbert lo David. Umkakhe wokuqala wayengu Sally Heyfron, indodana yabo ingu Michael Nhamodzenyika eyabhubha iseselusane.
Utshiye udadewabo uDr. Regina Gata, umkakhe wesibili uNkosikazi Grace Mugabe, amadodana uRobert Peter Junior lo Bellarmine Chatunga, kanye lendodakazi yakhe uBona Chikore, ilizalizelwe uRussell Goreraza, umkwenyana uSimba Chikore, umzukulu uSimbanashe Chikore, abazukulu abantwana bakadadewabo, ikakhulu laba abaziwayo u Patrick Zhuwao, uLeo Mugabe lemhuli zabo.
U Mugabe wayekholwa ukuthi imfundo iqakathekile ekuthuthukiseni kwelizwe. Ngakhoke, ngomnyaka 1980, ngemva kokuthola uzibuse wathatha isinqumo sokuthi imfundo lilungelo lomuntu wonke, okwenza kwabayinfanelo ukuthi umntwana wonke athole imfundo yeprimary leye Secondary ngaphandle kwembadalo.
Njengoba yena wayengumbalisi, waba ngowakuqala ukuhlawulela indleko yezifundo yamabhesari kamongameli awokusiza abafundayo abalengqondo ezikhaliphileyo kodwa bephuma emulini eziswelayo, lentandane ukuthi baqhubeke ngemfundo yaphezulu yemakholitshini.
Kungenxa yalesi sizatho iZimbabwe kanenginengi ithola isicoco sokuba labantu abanengi abafundileyo ezwekazi lonke leAfrica.
Nguye njalo owaphatha indima enkulu ekuthunyelweni kwamasotsha aweZimbabwe ngo 1991, ukuya londoloza ukuthula emazweni womhlaba phansi kweviyo lebutho lenhlanganiso yomanyano wamazwe womhlaba ele UN Verification Mission. Ubungcwethi lokuzinikela kwamasotsha la, kwapha iZimbabwe inhlonipho enkulu emazweni womhlaba lakumanyano weUN loweAfrican Union.
Kusukela lapho, amabutho agoqela iZimbabwe Defense Forces, iZimbabwe Republic Police le Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services, athunyezelwa emsebenzini wezizwe ezihlangeneyo eze UN.
Watsho kahle umlobi odumileyo emhlabeni jikelele, u William Shakespeare owabhala wathi “Ububi obenziwa ngabantu abukhohlakali lanxa sebefile; kodwa ubuhle babo buhle bukhohlakale lapho bengancwatshwa”.
Ngomqondo wakhe uMugabe wayecabanga ukuthi uzofela embusweni kodwa lokho akusenzakalanga ngoba kwacina kusiba lokufuthelana ebandleni lakhe leZanu PF, wabanjwa ngamandla ngabebutho labelinye icele lebandla lakhe elalikokhelwa ngosenguMongameli Emmerson Mnangawa ele Lacoste ukuthi ehle esikhundleni ngomnyaka ka2017, ayesemxotshile ukuba ngomunye wabasekeli bakhe sokube lokuxabana, abanengi abathi kwasokubangelwa likhsikazi lakhe uNkosikazi Grace Mugabe laye owayesekhanya esefuna isikhundla sobukhokheli.
Ngakwelinye icele uMugabe uzokhunjulwa ngokunye kokubi akwenzayo esaphila okugoqela:
- Izinqumo azenzayo ezapha amandla amapholisa labakubutho ukubopha, ukuhlukumeza, ukubulalisa lokunyamalisisa inkulungwane zabantu.
- Isihluku sokubulawa kwenkulungwane lenkulungwane zabantu ngombuqhazwe weGukurahundi amanxeba enhliziyo alokhe ebhibhidla kuze kube manje ngoba engaxolisanga.
- Ukudilizelwa imizi kwabantu ngohlelo lwakhe olwe “Murambatsvina”
- Udlakela lokuhlukumeza lokwethusela abantu ngezikhathi zokhetho kwezombusazwe
- Ukuthunjwa lokunyamalala kuka Rashiwe Guzha, Itai Dzamara labanye okungaqedakaliyo
- Ukungajezisi abaqhuba ibhizimusi ngobugwelegwele langemkohlakalo-iCorruption okugoqela iziphathamandla zikahulumende wakhe lomkakhe ngokwakhe.
- Izigidi zezizalwane zeZimbabwe sezabona kuncgono ukuyaphephela kwamanye amazwe bagcwala emazweni womhlaba besiyadinga amadlelo angcono kulasekhaya, umnotho usuguqe ngamadolo.
Abadala bathi “Ofileyo akasela cala”. Labo abakholwa emadlozini bazathethela, amakholwa esiKristu bangalandela okutshiwo ngumbhalo ebhayibhilini ku Romans 12:19 othi “Impindiselo ngeyami, ngizahlawula”
Akusenani ukuthi ungabe ukholwani empilweni yakho, okukhona yikuthi
uRobert Gabriel Mugabe, wako Gushungo usesitshiyile. Esingakutsho sonke yikuthi Makalale ngokuthula.
